What does high cholesterol mean?

High cholesterol, particularly elevated LDL cholesterol, increases the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Contributing factors include diet high in saturated fats, lack of exercise, genetics (familial hypercholesterolemia), obesity, and certain medical conditions like hypothyroidism.

Cholesterol (Total Cholesterol)

Q: What is a normal cholesterol level?

Desirable total cholesterol is less than 200 mg/dL. LDL ('bad') cholesterol should ideally be less than 100 mg/dL, while HDL ('good') cholesterol should be 60 mg/dL or higher. Triglycerides should be less than 150 mg/dL.

A blood test that measures the total amount of cholesterol in the blood, an important indicator of cardiovascular health risk.

Last medically reviewed: April 10, 2026 | Reviewed by LabResult.MD Editorial Team

What is Cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in every cell of the body. The body needs cholesterol to make hormones, vitamin D, and substances that help digest food. The liver produces all the cholesterol the body needs, but cholesterol is also found in foods from animal sources.

Total cholesterol is a measure of all the cholesterol in the blood, including LDL (low-density lipoprotein, often called "bad" cholesterol), HDL (high-density lipoprotein, often called "good" cholesterol), and a fraction of triglycerides. It is usually measured as part of a lipid panel.

Why Is It Tested?

A healthcare provider may order a cholesterol test to:

Screen for risk of heart disease and stroke
Monitor the effectiveness of cholesterol-lowering medications (statins)
Evaluate overall cardiovascular health as part of a routine checkup
Assess risk factors in people with a family history of heart disease
Monitor people with diabetes, high blood pressure, or obesity
Evaluate lipid levels before starting certain medications

Normal Reference Ranges

Reference ranges may vary by laboratory, testing method, age, and other factors. Always use the ranges provided on your lab report.

Category	Total Cholesterol Level (mg/dL)
Desirable	Less than 200 mg/dL
Borderline High	200 – 239 mg/dL
High	240 mg/dL and above

What Does a High Cholesterol Level Mean?

High total cholesterol increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, including heart attack and stroke. Elevated levels may be caused by:

Diet high in saturated and trans fats
Genetic factors (familial hypercholesterolemia)
Obesity or being overweight
Lack of physical activity
Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)
Certain medications (such as some diuretics, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressants)
Liver disease or kidney disease

High cholesterol typically has no symptoms. It is usually detected through routine blood tests. A healthcare provider will evaluate total cholesterol alongside LDL, HDL, and triglycerides for a complete picture.

What Does a Low Cholesterol Level Mean?

While low total cholesterol is generally considered favorable for heart health, very low levels may sometimes be associated with:

Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)
Liver disease (the liver produces most cholesterol)
Malnutrition or malabsorption
Certain genetic conditions (hypobetalipoproteinemia)
Chronic infections or inflammation

Very low cholesterol is uncommon and may warrant further evaluation to rule out an underlying condition. A healthcare provider can help determine if further testing is needed.

Common Next Steps

Depending on the result, a healthcare provider may recommend:

A full lipid panel to break down LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels
Lifestyle changes such as diet modifications (reducing saturated fat), increased exercise, and weight management
Cholesterol-lowering medications (statins) if lifestyle changes are not sufficient
Follow-up testing every 4–6 weeks after starting treatment to monitor progress
Additional cardiovascular risk assessment (blood pressure, blood sugar, family history review)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a normal cholesterol level?

Desirable total cholesterol is less than 200 mg/dL. LDL ("bad") cholesterol should ideally be less than 100 mg/dL, while HDL ("good") cholesterol should be 60 mg/dL or higher. Triglycerides should be less than 150 mg/dL, according to the American Heart Association.

How often should cholesterol be checked?

The American Heart Association recommends adults age 20 and older have their cholesterol checked every 4 to 6 years. People with risk factors for heart disease or those already taking cholesterol-lowering medications may need more frequent testing.

What is the difference between LDL and HDL cholesterol?

LDL (low-density lipoprotein) carries cholesterol to arteries and can build up in artery walls, increasing heart disease risk. HDL (high-density lipoprotein) carries cholesterol away from arteries back to the liver for removal, providing a protective effect. This is why LDL is often called "bad" cholesterol and HDL "good" cholesterol.

Related Tests and Biomarkers

Glucose CRP Lipid Panel

Sources

American Heart Association. Cholesterol Guidelines & Recommendations (2024)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Blood Cholesterol
MedlinePlus. Cholesterol Levels. U.S. National Library of Medicine

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Reference ranges vary by laboratory. Always discuss your results with a qualified healthcare provider.